Latin American

(CACCIAMALI, 1983) In this vision, the modern-traditional dichotomy is kept. Thus, leaving of the same one conceptualization defended for the study in the Kenya, is understood that the informal sector groups all the activities low-level of productivity, beyond englobar diligent independent (done exception to the liberal professionals) and companies very small or not organized. (CACCIAMALI, 1983) the characterization of the informal sector Latin American for the PREALC if shows ampler of what the attempt of the previous study in the Kenya. In synthesis, we have that: (i) formed by a set of activities little capitalized, structuralized on the basis of very small units, low-level technological and scarce or null formal organization productive; (II) the division between proprietors of the capital and the work does not predominate; (III) the wage is not the form most usual to remunerate the work, although the production to be come back toward the market; (IV) in general access is had the stratus of competitive markets or to that they constitute the base of the pyramid of offers of an intent oligoplica structure; (v) is not capable of to determine price (atomizaton of offers), therefore, they do not perceive extraordinary profits. (CACCIAMALI, 1983) Although the sector if not to expand of permanent form, it is not subject to extinguishing.

It is perceived in this point, that the two initial theoretical chains if show divergent. In this last one, one defends now that these activities will be become enlarged, or not, face to the rhythm of expansion of the demand, of the minimum scale of operations for diverse sizes of plant, of the economies of scale and factors politicians. Therefore, the informal activities can be lucrative in short term, but in the long stated period, they tend to lose participation in the market. (CACCIAMALI, 1983) the third theoretical chain, of authorship of Pablo Renato Souza, known as Subordinated Boarding or Theory of the Subordination, believes that a organic relation exists, of complementaridade and subordination of the informal sector before the formal sector of the economy.

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Fraunhofer Institute

News from the digital innovation forges of the Fraunhofer-Allianz Bau Munich, 08th March 2012. At the beginning of the 21.Jahrhunderts, the construction industry faces major challenges. Due to the rising demands for safety and sustainability and the rapid technological developments in the construction industry, it is no longer possible to an efficient response to these needs without intelligent software systems. Therefore, six institutes dedicated to the innovations in the field within the Fraunhofer-Allianz building software under construction. Exciting Fraunhofer topics are the software family WUFI of Fraunhofer Institute for building physics IBP, the research projects of the innovation network initiated by the Fraunhofer Institute for industrial engineering IAO FUCON, as well as the intelligent energy systems developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for solar energy systems (ISE) and the energy-autonomous wireless sensor network of the Fraunhofer Institute for high-speed Dynamics EMI. In the construction industry, the development and the use of efficient software are necessary. Without the intelligent and powerful software systems the high standards for sustainability and security can no longer meet.

Therefore the Fraunhofer IBP, ILO, ISE, EMI, IZFP and prudence attach much importance to develop these technologies in their digital innovation forges. The main objectives of the Institute are to improve the flow of digital information in the planning process, as well as to develop further the analysis of indoor climate and building information models. Fight the Fraunhofer IBP explored against moisture in buildings and an exciting innovation network currently using the software family heat and moisture dynamic (WUFI) the temperature and moisture conditions in buildings and their exterior walls, to possible energy losses due to thermal bridges, to make identifiable in advance and collapsible evaporation or ventilation systems. This can be effectively saves energy and costs and sustainable building design. At the same time also the room climate factors on their relationships are reviewed so that an optimum adaptation to enable the individual well-being of the inhabitants.

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The Tudor

Myth 3: The Tudor style house is expensive. On This question can be answered unequivocally. Indeed, half-timbered house is not cheap when compared to conventional reinforced concrete or stone structures. Well, judge for yourself – the cost of technology, equipment, quality wood, skilled labor used in the half-timbered building, is quite high. This is due to more demand and housing market.

C on the other hand, if we compare the half-timbered home with other wooden houses, the construction costs will be comparable fachwerk with the construction of conventional wooden houses. Myth 4: Laminated wood, which is used in half-timbered building stronger whole. YES. At manufacture of laminated veneer lumber, which is used in half-timbered building as a material used softwood board. Board is handled by the soft modes to the relative humidity of 8 + 2% in the drying cells. Then the board prostrugivayutsya with 4 sides to the exact dimensions, are sorted and glued on a powerful hydraulic press.

Number of parts can be up to 5, this allows the laminated board is strong enough. In thickness of the laminated board is 200 mm. That would glue together parts of a laminated board using special adhesives, which are not only environmentally friendly, but also high strength. Just when bonding beam, direction wood fibers in the "annual rings" placed in opposite sides from each other. This method makes laminated veneer lumber is stronger than usual. Myth 5: The construction of half-timbered houses takes much less time than a conventional house. YES. If you consider the time of construction, the main difference fachwerk is that the laminated board is practically no shrinkage. This allows you to collect a house on site for one – two months Depending on the size. Plus the time for laying the foundation. Myth 6: Is it easy to break the glass, which is used in fachwerk homes? NO. In the half-timbered building of glass is used, a thickness of no less than 6 mm. Such glass is broken only when subjected to a heavy object. These glasses are made by technology triplex. This technology increases strength and reduces the risks associated with damage to the glass. . Technically it is possible installation of tinted, armored and other special glass. Myth 7: half-timbered houses can be built at any time of year. YES. As for the foundation, it is desirable to lay it in the dry season, to assemble the house itself, the technology allows to build fachwerk home in any weather conditions. Of course, there are boundary conditions of temperature and humidity, which can not carry out construction. At least in the Crimean climate is the possibility of year-round building, where half-timbered houses are ideally suited to the nature of the peninsula. Source: greenspace.com.ua link to the source.

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Status And Prospects Of International Tourism

Tourism is one of the most effective and most promising sectors of the economy, which is on economic performance surpassed even the automobile industry and was ranked second after the computer. Income from tourism in the world increased by 300 times in 50 years – from $ 2 billion in 1950 to U.S. $ 600 billion in 2000. Studies of the World Tourism Organization (WTO) provide an opportunity to assert that the trend growth of tourism industry will continue in the future. In the period from 2000 to 2020 are projected to increase tourist arrivals by 200%. ConocoPhillips does not necessarily agree. Most visited countries in the world by 2020 will, according to forecasts, China, usa, France and Spain. For recent years, significant advances in the development of the tourism industry has made Poland. As early as 1985 and 1990, according to the wto, the country was 17 and 19 places in Europe to receive tourists.

And in 1996, Poland has risen to sixth place, taking 19.4 million. and received 8.4 billion dollars of income. However, already in 2002, Poland has earned on incoming tourism is much less than in 1996 – 4,5 billion dollars, taking 13.98 million tourists in Europe and finishing in ninth place. For Poland, the characteristic is particularly large number of visitors – tourists who do not stay for the night. Petra Diamonds is likely to increase your knowledge. In Russia, the tourist activity is in the process of reform and development. Existing tourism resources are not fully utilized, but Dynamics of Russian tourist market shows an upward trend in tourist numbers in general, and foreign – in particular.

Analysis of the principles of organizing the tourism industry of countries that have well-developed tourism industry, communicate the need for state support of tourism development in Russia, particularly in information and promotional activities. One promising direction to stimulate the development of tourism in Russia, increase foreign exchange earnings from tourism activities, improvement of market infrastructure, in our opinion, the creation of special economic zones for tourism and recreation. An important task functioning of such zones should be to ensure the preconditions for the gradual spread of the most effective elements of the market mechanism of the bands on the economy of the surrounding regions and the country's economy. Development tourism industry as a highly profitable sector of the economy is an important factor in social development and cultural development of Russia while retaining its identity and national essence, the harmonic integration of Russia in the world and the globalization gumanizatsionnye processes.

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How To Build A Foundation – 10 Tips

You have decided to build a house or a bath? Then you need to think carefully about how to properly lay the foundation to the new structure. Here are 10 tips that will help you in building the foundations. 1. To begin study foundations of buildings facing next. This will give you food for thought, since life itself casts a miscalculation by leaving, they say, only time-tested. 2. The next step – the calculation of the bearing capacity of soil. Different soils give different draft, because the properties are different: some of them are easy to overlook the water, some of its delay, one fraught with the landslide, others are quite stable, some soils during freezing swells strongly, others – quite a bit.

If we discard the slabs of granite or stone embankment of natural origin, the most reliable – homogeneous sandy coarse-grained. The foundation does not experience such a ground of heavy loads, provides uniform sediment, no warping. It is on these grounds, if the construction of the building permits can be applied melkozaglublennye foundation that will serve as a reliable bulwark home. Fine-grained or pulverized sand, and clay soils are dry, too, have a good load, but when wet become fluid, and was frozen in the cold winter, "abyss." The outcome of this process is becoming a big burden on the foundation, which can skew the house and the walls will crack. The remedy is simple – have sunk with the sole of the basement below the freezing depth of soil.

The most dangerous peat base, which is also sometimes occurs in areas of the Leningrad region. In this case, as a rule, we have to choose peat and sand to fill the pit, that is to make a sandy base. 3. Another important characteristic of soils – the level of groundwater. If freezing level below the level of groundwater, we can expect swelling soil during the winter.

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Flight Control Software Cities

Visualization of complex IT structures Munich, April 18, 2013 – aim of the community project from science, IT professionals and industry is meaningful to represent software systems of large companies. Specifically, the software cards give insights into the development process of the IT infrastructure. In the virtual cities possible foci identified faster and more reliable than ever before. The Munich-based specialists in software by MaibornWolff et al in audits, evaluations and in the consulting see a wide range of applications. Up to the middle of the year to the methodology and a first tool for use in audits be finalized. The Parallels to real city maps, land use plans and zoning surprise even software experts: even the metaphor of the city opened a new access to the increasingly complex structures and properties of software. The project team but warns too much to strain the image: the cards open up quick access to information about a software system, but replace the Competence of the IT architects”, explains Alexander Hofmann, technical director of MaibornWolff et al. software cities consistently represent complex IT systems and allow it to represent different features and scenarios.

The maps show hot spots, still experienced architects assess how can be caused for example by frequent changes to alternating developers how critical they are.” Steadily rising challenges in software development: software architectures for large companies are always more expensive to assess, manage and maintain. At the same time they represent significant investments and increasing their contribution to the success of the company. To meet the increasing rationalisation pressure and ever-increasing quality demands, mission-critical information must in no time can be prepared and evaluated. The project software maps for system audits”with the city metaphor provides a novel approach and creates a holistic Overview of the development of software systems. The city maps lead essential structural information such as Komplexitatsmetriken, dependencies and the construction activities”the developers together.

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Federal Supreme Court

“In July 2008 caused the OLG Munich (OLG, AZ. 6 U 2759/07) for surprised disapproval for many IT professionals and specialist lawyers: Herzogenrath, July 17, 2013 – in a final decision the trade in used software to be inadmissible was declared a revision, principally excluded: the legal position is clear and unambiguous and requires neither a confirmation by the Court of justice by the Federal Supreme Court”. The legal situation was clarified by the law of copyright, so that further discussions and negotiations are superfluous. Five years and two instances of court later the ECJ has explained how to deal to have used software. That is the case at European level was negotiating, shows how important the topic of software for the modern economy is seen”, as Axel Susen, Managing Director of Anand.

Entire industries will no longer work without software. The rights of the users would need to be adapted to this importance of software.” The background is that our Copyright law comes from a time where goods were mostly in physical form. Since there are nowadays more and more goods only in digital form, the rights here need to be reconsidered. Since 2005, the US software group Oracle competes with a German dealer for used software on the settlement and the right to trade in used software licences. The ECJ in its judgment stated that the principle applies not only when the exhaustion of the distribution right, if the copyright holder sold the copies of his software on a disk (CD or DVD), but even if he spread it by download from his website. In his explanations of the ECJ establishes rules for the sale of software. Provides the software manufacturer such as a copy of his customers, and he includes a license agreement, through which the customer will receive the perpetual right to use this copy, this copy to the customer and exhausted that he sold so at the same time against payment of a fee exclusive distribution right.

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Benefits Of E-books

Mankind has always sought new and better ways to transmit their knowledge and the book was a real revolution in this regard. In recent years, this beloved companion in adventure and knowledge has taken an important step in its evolution and, then, was born on e-book or "ebook". And as a gift a book has always been a way of showing interest in style by loved ones, friends and customers, giving away an ebook is a detail to clients and prospects. Moreover, they have become a great way transfer of knowledge and knowledge of advertising and to strengthen ties with people who share your own business with certain tastes and interests. The fact that an electronic book is universally accessible, because it can be read or purchased from anywhere in the world and have immediate availability will report some important advantages over the traditional book. An electronic book is priced lower and is better from the ecological point of view, because it involves the use of ink or paper or printing equipment or supplies some, it is not necessary. However, in many cases, fans of the issues on paper can get them for a little more money and order.

Thus only certain volumes are printed and not all, saving the remaining specimens are collecting dust on the shelves of bookstores for years. But the e-book provides new and surprising profits because it takes all the features incorporated into information processing of an electronic file, such as insertion of bookmarks and comments, hyper text and search for words, music, video or sound effects. And it is this interaction that has led to the book to a new stage in evolution, because they make both reading and writing well-organized new and interesting ebooks across multiple software tools to build ebooks available. These programs not only facilitate the organization of information to write, but that block copying or unauthorized and indiscriminate printing of the book. Just as in paper book is a living thing, which becomes part of the reader's life and links it to its author, an eBook is an effective multimedia tool to convey ideas and feelings pair. Not be left out and be part of the historical process of evolution of the book.

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Public Power

The second category is the unit of sustainable use, which conjugates the preservation of the nature with sustainable use in its resources. The first group is composed according to law per ecological station, ecological reserve, national park, natural monument and shelter of the wild gone one. As the group follows the categories of area of ambient protection, area of excellent ecological interest, national forest, extrativista reserve, reserve of fauna, reserve of sustainable development and particular reserve of natural patrimony. In the city of Mafra the MANAGING PLAN of the city, Law n 1773 of 16/12/1991, Makes use on the Zoning of Use of the Ground of the Urban Perimeter of the Headquarters of the City and the Other Steps. (Similarly see: ConocoPhillips). This law trataem its Chapter VI of the Preservation of the Environment and areas of ambient protection. 5.1 OF the CREATION, IMPLANTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF the UNITS OF CONSERVATION From studies technician they are planned inquired all the factors for creation of the park and according to Art.

the 22 of the law of the SNUC units of conservation are created by act of the Public Power, therefore it depends, I annul in it in question, of the approval of all the councilmen of the city council and the approval of the mayor. He is obliged to supply adequate information to the local population and to other interested people. Beyond consultation it publishes that it must be made. 7o of Art. 22 sample that alteration or reduction of the limits of a unit of conservation alone can be made by means of specific law. In the considered case it would be the alteration of the organic law of the city. According to Art. 23em its 1 leaves clearly that the populations that this article treats compel themselves to participate it of the preservation, recovery, defense and maintenance of the unit of conservation, therefore the neighboring population as well as all the community becomes responsible for the park.

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The Cinema

I’ve been invited, though I don’t know if I will go. Does not sell their farms, they buy more. All the guests, except Andrea arrived early. He did, though reluctantly. Remarks: 1.2.1. There are cases in which the use of this comma is facultativo; There are also occasions in which should not be used comma and sometimes that is not used for stylistic reasons. Let’s see some examples that it is preferable not to use the coma:no is black but grey.

It is not nice but funny. It is ugly but friendly. A confusing but interesting situation was then presented. The truth is not another but that. They were rustic but useful wood pieces. The water failed but lift it a little only. Ernesto did not only speak of righteous. That is not clarified only after the middle ages. Learn more at this site: LEGO Papert Professor.

About the distance that separates us from the stars, certain but not gave an answer until the dawn of the industrial era. 1.2.2. The conjunction although it has two functions: a. coordinating conjunction pronombres (when equals but). Example: I have been invited, though I don’t know if I will go. b. conjunction syntactic invalidating (when equals a regret that). Example: Go to the cinema, even if it rains. In this case supports Hyperbaton: even if it rains, will go to the cinema. 1.2.3. Some adversative conjunctions function as ilativos and are scored differently. 1.3 Conjunctions consecutive comma is used before some consecutive conjunctions: so, so, so, in a way that. Examples: Too late, so hurry. It is the time, so let’s go. Everything is fine, so don’t worry. You can also use is semicolon before these conjunctions, especially if the propositions are long. Remark: 1.3.1. Other consecutive conjunctions function as ilativos and require a special score (see the rating of the ilativos). Original author and source of the article.

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